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2025.3HistoryIvan I. MARCHENKO, Denis E. YANAEVTHE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF EUROPEAN SCYTHIA IN THE VI–IV CENTURIES BC: THE PROBLEM OF INTERPRETATION OF STATEHOOD AMONG THE SCYTHIANS IN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Over the past 100 years, there has been a continuing debate in historical scholarship about the level of statehood among nomads. By the end of the XX century, four different perspectives on the socio-political structure of nomadic societies had emerged in both domestic and international scholarship: pre-class society, early state, various forms of feudalism, and a distinct nomadic or exopolitical mode of production. This debate has also been reflected in the Russian historiography of European Scythia. However, over the past decades of research, there has been no consensus or concept in the scientific community regarding the development of statehood among the European Scythians.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of the Scythians' political system during the VI–IV centuries BC and to determine the level of state development among them, using modern research in the field of political anthropology.
The article addresses a number of interrelated issues: it analyzes the historiographical literature on the interpretation of Scythian statehood; it examines archaeological data and information from ancient authors about Scythia; it attempts to reconstruct the socio-political system of European Scythia in the VI–IV centuries BC; and it identifies the main stages of the development of Scythian society from a complex chiefdom to an early state.
The study concluded on the level of development and evolution of the political organization of the European Scythians in the VI–IV centuries BC. Based on modern research in the field of political anthropology and extensive historiographical material on European Scythia, a chronology of the evolution of the political system of European Scythia in the VI–IV centuries BC was compiled.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS IN KARACHAY AND CHERKESSIA (1920s - THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1930s)
The article highlights the initial stage of formation and development in the territory of Karachay and Cherkessia of the most modern means of communication for the period under review - radio communications. The main prerequisites for the development of the industry, its problems and achievements are noted. The paper defines the initial stage of the formation of radio communications in Karachay and Cherkessia, focuses on the rudimentary state of this sphere by the early 1920s, identifies the reasons for the growing demand for operational communications (especially telephone and radio communications) in the early 1930s, their conditionality by socio-economic, socio-political and natural factors. The article draws attention to the fact that the functioning of this type of communication required high-quality equipment, which was regularly subject to modernization. Shortcomings in the operation of radio communications in the regions under consideration in the 1920s and the first half of the 1930s are also noted, their causes and methods of overcoming them are identified. In conclusion, it is concluded that by the mid-1930s, radio communications in Karachay and Cherkessia had passed the stage of formation, and, despite the existing shortcomings, made it possible to ensure operational communication between settlements, various authorities and organizations.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE POSITION OF THE OKOCHANS IN THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE KIZLYAR COMMANDANTS OF THE XVIII CENTURY
An analysis of the content of business correspondence between a number of Kumyk owners and the commandants of Kizlyar allows us to shed some light on the nature of the relationship between representatives of the Tarkovsky dynasty and the Akkinsky (Aukhovsky) society. In particular, the Tarkovsky shamkhals have not yet managed to completely subjugate the Akkinsky society, which has retained internal self-government and protects its interests effectively enough. In addition, representatives of the Akkinsky (Aukhovsky) society, being subjects of the Moscow sovereigns, were administratively divided into two parts: the okochans of the Tersk city and the okochans of the Endirey domain. The former was led by the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychev from the family of the Cherkassky Princes, the latter was led by the Kumyk prince Sultan-Mahmud from the Tarkovsky Shamkhal family. Over time, the descendants of Sultan Mahmud were divided into several princely families that competed with each other. At the same time, it was through their mediation that all significant issues related to the "okochan" Akkinsky society were resolved. It is also possible to allow the formation of stable links (kunach, Atalych) between some owner and Akkin surnames. At the same time, there is a certain adaptation of the Akkin people (primarily those living in Kizlyar) in the economic space of the Russian Empire.
PORTS AND HARBORS OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN COAST OF THE BLACK SEA IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 19TH CENTURY, BASED ON THE WORK OF TETBOUT DE MARIGNY «JOURNEY TO CIRCASSIA»
The article is devoted to the study of the book by the Dutch consul in Odessa Tetbout de Marigny "Journey to Circassia". The presented material about the ports and harbors of the North Caucasian coast of the Black Sea, their economic and political potential and their influence on the region is compared with historical facts and realities of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries. Based on the conducted research, the main directions of the content of de Marigny's work are established: description of the military and commercial equipment of the Black Sea ports and products manufactured in the region; analysis of imports and exports going through the ports, the network of trade routes in the region; display of the system of social ties, traditions and customs of the local population. The main conclusion is that the work of the Dutch diplomat occupies an important place among similar journalistic works and has historical significance, since during this period it became a significant contribution to the development of political and trade-economic relations between Circassia and other countries, and also practically contributed to ensuring the safety and stability of shipping and commercial transportation in the Black Sea.
SociologyAlexander A. ANDREEVSOCIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CIVILIZATION PARADIGM
This article examines the civilizational approach as a key paradigm in sociology, offering an alternative to linear theories of social development. The author systematizes the fundamental tenets and key concepts of the civilizational approach in sociology. It examines the key ideas of the founders of the civilizational approach – N. Danilevsky, O. Spengler and A. Toynbee – who analyzed civilizations as separate, closed cultural worlds, multiple, unique organisms with their own life cycles, rather than steps in a single ladder of progress. It is noted that within the field of sociology, the civilizational approach to the analysis of society was laid out in the works of these thinkers. The legacy of M. Weber, E. Durkheim and T. Parsons is considered in the article as the sociological foundation of the civilizational approach. The article emphasizes that, unlike other theorists who viewed civilizations as separate and closed organisms, P. Sorokin rejects the term "civilization" as an object of study, instead proposing the concept of a sociocultural supersystem. According to the author, the current stage is characterized by a search for new paradigms, a key representative of which is S. Huntington, whose civilizational approach became one of the influential and controversial theories of the late ÕÕ century. The main focus is on the analysis of the ideas of S. Eisenstadt, whose civilizational approach represents a significant rethinking of classical theories of civilization. The sociologist views civilizations as dynamic, open systems whose internal structure is full of conflict, change, and variability. The author believes that S. Eisenstadt's civilizational approach allows us to overcome the "tradition/modernity" dichotomy. The author concludes that the main value and relevance of the civilizational approach lies in its ability to offer a multidimensional and pluralistic model for analyzing global social processes.
THE VALUE FOUNDATIONS OF THE MULTILEVEL IDENTITY OF THE YOUTH OF THE DONETSK AND LUGANSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLICS
The purpose of the study is to identify the value orientations of the multilevel identity of young people from new regions of the Russian Federation, to identify trends in social adaptation and related risks.
The methodological basis of the research is the work of Volkov Yu.G. in aspects of the study of civic identity, Gorshkov M.K. in aspects of the study of value orientations of youth. Based on a sociological survey presented in the works of E.V. Brodovskaya, the value orientations of young people from new subjects of the Russian Federation were identified, the results of young people and the older generation were analyzed, and possible risks were identified.
The study results in recommendations aimed at minimizing the risks of deviant behavior among young people.
The practical significance of the study lies in updating the risks presented, systematizing knowledge about the multilevel identity and value orientations of young people from new regions of the Russian Federation, as well as in the recommendations presented in the study.
The prospects of the research are to develop knowledge about the multilevel identity of youth and to introduce recommendations on the education of patriotism and the formation of an all-Russian civic identity of young people in educational organizations.
SOCIO-IDEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RELIGIOUS-POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN)
In modern conditions, when the geopolitical situation is becoming increasingly unpredictable and issues of ensuring national security come to the fore, the religious aspect is of particular importance. The article, based on the results of a sociological study, examines the causes of the spread of radical religious views in the North Caucasus. The author believes that the fight against religious and political extremism is complicated by the fact that it is based on ideological, pseudo-religious beliefs and the political goals and attitudes they conceal. He notes that the problems of the region's socio-economic development also affect the formation of an individual's extremist consciousness, but nevertheless, it is precisely due to fanatical devotion to radical ideas, dogmas and attitudes that people of different social status join extremist religious movements. The religious context makes extremist ideology attractive, and actions that are covered by religious motives are more easily perceived on an emotional and psychological level. This makes it possible to justify any actions of its followers, even if they contradict the principles of the religion itself. In this regard, Russia’s geopolitical opponents may well resort to the help of such radical movements in order to destabilize society and undermine the stability of the state.
PROBLEMS OF SOCIALIZATION AND REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF INGUSHETIA
The problems of socialization and integration of children with disabilities (hereinafter referred to as HIA) into society are becoming most relevant in the context of an increase in the number of such children in the country's population structure and changes related to socio-political and technological spheres both in Russia and in the regions of the Russian Federation.
Practice shows that only the comprehensive implementation of medical, psychological, pedagogical, and professional measures aimed at restoring impaired bodily functions of children with disabilities is a prerequisite for their socialization and adaptation to normal life.
In the process of rehabilitation and socialization of children with disabilities, government and public structures should be involved to ensure the protection of their legal and social rights.
The existing programs and methods for providing social rehabilitation have only partially justified themselves, as a significant number of children from this category are not prepared for integration into society. Therefore, scientists' and teachers' desire to find new strategies for teaching and educating children with HIA has become relevant recently.
THE FUTURE OF MEDIATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: A HYBRID MODEL OF «HUMAN + ARTIFICIAL INELLIGENCE»
The relevance of the work is due to the extensive introduction of artificial intelligence into Russian mentality and the possibility of improving government services' potential to resolve conflicts.
The purpose of the study is to examine the possibilities of mediation institute in the application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and neural networks. To determine the possibility of integration into a unified system for resolving state conflicts through a unified public service portal. Generalization of experimental experiences with the introduction of artificial intelligence in conflict resolution abroad is also included.
The methodological basis of the research consists of the analysis of accumulated practical and statistical data on mediation and judicial conflict resolution using new technologies. It also includes the study of academic literature and conducting a sociological and legal analysis.
The results of the study describe the possibility of using modern technologies such as artificial intelligence and neural networks, which will allow updating the possibilities of mediation at the present stage. The established basis of public trust in public services makes it possible to introduce mediation procedures on a single portal of public services, making them confidential, transparent, and reliable. Artificial intelligence plays an important role in integrating legal structures and modern technologies, acting as an independent guarantor for a professional mediator's work.
In addition, the vector of state policy and statistics in the field of conflict resolution reflects the need to develop effective social technologies for the application of this institution in practice. First, it is necessary to determine what positive and negative aspects the introduction of artificial intelligence and modern technologies could bring to the work of professional mediators, and to study the issue of legal regulation of implementing the procedure using new approaches.
SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF STUDENT YOUTH IN THE DONETSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW TERRITORIALITY AND STATE-CIVIC INTEGRATION PROCESSES
The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the institutional and socio-economic conditions, factors, and barriers to the social adaptation of student youth in the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) under the new territorial context and the ongoing special military operation. The empirical basis of the study is represented by the results of expert interviews conducted in November-December 2024. The experts included rectors of leading universities and heads of educational management bodies in the Donetsk People's Republic (N=8). The main empirical indicators of the social adaptation of student youth in the DPR include subjective assessments of the availability of quality higher education, opportunities for self-realization, access to scholarships and benefits, satisfaction with living conditions, chances of employment in their field of study, availability and accessibility of educational programs, cultural and social youth projects and the degree of youth involvement in them, as well as the presence and nature of migration attitudes and the degree of internalization of traditional Russian values by the youth.
The results of the study demonstrated a relatively high level of adaptability among the student youth of the DPR to new conditions, which is linked to the establishment of institutional, economic, and socio-cultural conditions for the socialization and professional realization of youth within the region, as well as the internalization of Russian values and culture. However, the research materials also revealed barriers to social adaptation among students, primarily associated with the ongoing combat actions, destroyed social infrastructure, domestic instability, difficulties in transitioning to the Russian legal framework, and challenges in accessing modern information systems and digital technologies.
MANAGEMENT OF THE SOCIAL POTENTIAL OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT: A RESOURCE APPROACH
The article investigates the problem of managing the social potential of local self-government (LSG) as a key resource for territorial development. The relevance of the topic is determined by the increasing challenges facing municipalities, including limited financial and economic resources, the complexity of social problems, and growing public demands for quality of life, which actualizes the search for internal development reserves. The aim of the work is to develop a conceptual model for managing the social potential of LSG based on the synthesis of the resource approach and social capital theory. The methodological basis of the research is a comprehensive analysis, including a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign LSG practices, a case study of specific municipalities, as well as a secondary analysis of sociological research data and municipal statistics. The results of the study demonstrate that the social potential of LSG is a multi-component system, including social capital (trust, cooperation networks, norms of reciprocity), human capital (competences and activity of citizens and managers), and civic activity. It is revealed that effective management of this potential allows overcoming resource constraints, improving the quality of municipal services, and strengthening the legitimacy of authorities. Based on the analysis, a structural-functional model for managing social potential is proposed, including diagnostic, project-motivational, and institutional blocks. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of tools for municipal managers to diagnose, activate, and use social potential to address local issues.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL FACTORS ON THE FORMATION OF TRUST IN THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA
The article explores the phenomenon of social trust in modern Russian society, focusing on the influence of cultural factors on its formation in various regions of the country. The author analyzes the specific features of Russia's sociocultural space, which is characterized by a contradictory interaction between collectivist and individualistic value systems, making it challenging for society to consolidate. The study aims to identify the mechanisms of trust formation in a multicultural society. It examines key cultural determinants of trust, including value systems, interethnic contacts, religious attitudes, and the activities of social institutions. Special attention is given to the regional characteristics of trust formation. Based on the analysis of statistical data and sociological research, the author demonstrates a significant differentiation in the level of trust in different regions of Russia. It has been revealed that cultural factors, such as ethnic homogeneity, religious identity, and the nature of intercultural interaction, significantly influence the formation of both interpersonal and institutional trust. The practical significance of the study lies in identifying mechanisms for strengthening trust through the development of intercultural dialogue and the creation of effective institutional conditions that contribute to reducing social anxiety and increasing the level of social cohesion.
ASSESSMENTS OF MIGRATION POLICY IN THE OPINIONS OF THE HOST REGIONAL COMMUNITY (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE ROSTOV REGION)
The purpose of the article is to identify the assessments of the regional community of the Rostov region in relation to the migration policy of Russia. The empirical basis of the study was a mass questionnaire survey conducted in 2024-2025 in the Rostov region based on a quota sample. It has been revealed that "relative" and "not absolute estimates" dominate among residents of the Rostov region regarding the effectiveness of Russia's migration policy, which implies the potential variability of such estimates. In general, there is a tendency to polarize opinions, with some bias towards negative performance assessments. Socio-demographic characteristics do not affect the generalized assessment of the effectiveness of migration policy as a whole. However, special features have been identified: among respondents who have only completed secondary education, the proportion of "unstable" grades is higher. Expressing their opinion on the reasons for the inefficiency of migration policy, residents of the region most often chose: corruption, business lobbying, lack of legislative initiatives. Thus, the respondents consider "shadow" factors to be the most important reasons. Socio-demographic characteristics in general do not have a significant impact on the responses. However, the peculiarities were revealed: the older the respondents, the less they chose lobbying and lack of legislative initiatives. In general, the state of opinion on migration policy is such that it is ready to accept changes in Russia's migration policy.
EXPERIENCE OF SOCIOLOGICAL INTERVIEWING OF EXPERTS FROM EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ON SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS
The article analyzes the theoretical foundations related to the problem of suicide among adolescents, psychological and pedagogical literature concerning the peculiarities of the adolescence period, including the impact of pandemic self-isolation caused by the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19. The classification of the main motives of suicidal behavior, factors contributing to suicide among adolescents, and their reasons for such actions is studied. The results of a sociological study of suicidal behavior of adolescents based on an expert survey of six informants from secondary schools (Krasnodar, Maykop) are presented. The survey was conducted by interviewing, in the form of a face-to-face conversation according to a pre-prepared focused-standardized survey. The respondents' answers were recorded by audio with subsequent transcription, preserving the most accurate reference content of thought and meaning of the content, removing repetitions, errors, interjections and irrelevant elements of speech, with division into speakers for accurate transmission of dialogues in the recordings. Further, structuring the logical control and forming the text composition, expert surveys are interpreted in this article. Thanks to the survey of informants, various causes of suicidal behavior were identified, which include: intrafamily relations, conflicts in society, children's fascination with various subcultures that promote suicide, watching anime, various conflicts and mental disorders. In conclusion, the author of the article offers recommendations for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescents to address this serious problem.
THE RESEARCH WORLD OF THE ETHNOGRAPHER: THE CONTEXT OF TRADITION AND MODERNITY
The current issues of traditional culture are analyzed through the prism of M.Y. Unarokova's creativity in the context of traditions and innovations. The socio-cultural space of the Adygs is characterized, the relevance of traditional culture is substantiated, and the value meaning of identification markers such as language, khabze and Adygage for the development of ethnic group and society are revealed. Having comprehended the results of sociological research in the Republic of Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and the Republic of Dagestan obtained by quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (expert survey) methods, the prognostic potential of traditions, the possibility of their harmonious coordination with innovation, as well as the use of the valuable socio-cultural resource of traditions in the development of an ethnic group are substantiated. The importance of the traditional values studied by Mira Unarokova in shaping the worldview of youth and the all-Russian civic identity in modern conditions, when there is a crisis of spirituality and identity in the Russian socio-cultural space, has been determined. It has been concluded that it is necessary and important to update the methods of studying traditions and innovations in the modern research field of interdisciplinarity, which will make it possible to critically rethink traditions and understanding of the meaning of dialectical relationship between traditions and innovations.
TRANSFORMATION OF LABOR EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF SOCIETY: INDIVIDUALIZATION AND DESTANDARDIZATION OF LABOR
The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics and trends of employment transformation caused by the processes of digitalization of society. It is shown that the introduction of digital technologies in the economic sphere leads to the destruction of previous forms of labor organization, reducing their significance for humans. Collective and static forms of labor activity, characteristic of traditional and industrial types of societies, are replaced by individual and mobile forms. In the context of digitalization, such trends as individualization and destandardization of labor are intensifying. The article notes that the digital transformation of the economy contributes to serious changes in the social structure of society. A new class is emerging - the precariat, which is a consequence of the transitivity of society and the heterogeneity of the digital economy development. Precarization associated with the expansion of precarious employment forms is due to the problems of employee adaptation to changing working conditions. It is concluded that as a result of the introduction of digital technologies, the labor market is undergoing significant changes.
CIVIC VALUES IN THE MASS CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE YOUTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGHEA
The article analyzes the results of a mass survey conducted among young residents of the Republic of Adyghea (N = 500) on the issue of civic values in modern realities. Civic values are the basis of any civil society and state. Their formation and change are extremely important for understanding the processes of civic consolidation and solving urgent social problems. The results of the sociological research showed that the youth environment of the Republic of Adyghea retains the historically established attitude in Russian society towards the inextricable link between citizenship and patriotism, which is further strengthened in the context of a Special Military Operation. In this situation, there is a threat of displacement of the value of citizenship as such from the structure of civic and patriotic values, its semantic and total replacement by patriotic values. The military-mobilization orientation of the latter, justified in modern conditions, can become a serious barrier to the formation and realization of citizenship by young people in peacetime.
ManagementAlla V. GLADYSHEVA, Lyudmila N. POCHINALINA, Elena Yu. MOKEEVAPRACTICE-ORIENTED APPROACH TO MAKING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
The article analyzes the activities aimed at making decisions in the organization. Many key performance indicators of the organization, including competitiveness, business reputation, and financial stability, depend on the effectiveness of making management decisions. The theoretical significance of the study is to determine the assessment of the effectiveness of decision-making, identify risks in the process of implementing a management decision and counteracting emerging risks. The study was conducted on the example of LLC "PEC". The analysis of the organization's activities revealed a number of shortcomings in the system of making management decisions. To eliminate the identified shortcomings in making a management decision in LLC "PEC", measures were proposed to improve the system under study. The developed measures will improve the system of making management decisions and avoid emerging risks. The practical significance of the study is that the results obtained can be used not only by organizations carrying out similar activities, but also as a basic technology for making a management decision.
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN BUSINESS
The article considers the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in modern business and outlines the prospects for their use in the future. The analysis of the main areas of AI application is carried out. The dynamics of business process automation based on the use of artificial intelligence technologies in foreign countries in the period from 2022 to 2028 is reflected based on research by Garnet Consulting Group. It is revealed how the process of implementing AI in various sectors of the economy in the Russian Federation is carried out. It is noted that state support for the development of AI technologies is provided by national projects. A comparative analysis of the use of AI solutions by Russian organizations in 2023 and 2024 is carried out, convincing that the influence of AI technologies on various areas has grown significantly. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the advantages of implementing artificial intelligence in business. Disadvantages and potential risks of such implementation are identified - from ethical issues to high implementation costs and dependence on data quality. The article emphasizes that competent and correct optimization of business processes due to AI technologies is becoming an important competitive advantage and helps to develop business more sustainably and increase its competitiveness.
APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
The article reveals the potential of artificial intelligence in the field of management activities at agricultural enterprises. Particular attention is paid to assessing the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in implementing management decisions in the agricultural sector. In this paper, artificial intelligence is considered as an assistant in processing big data, monitoring the production process, and as a tool for a management decision support system. At the moment, the level of digitalization in the agricultural sector creates a solid technological basis for the use of artificial intelligence in management tasks. In this regard, the author proposes a model for making management decisions using the example of the crop production industry. The author studied the synergistic effect of the interaction of artificial intelligence and humans in the agro-industrial complex. The key aspect of this symbiosis is the harmonious combination of human intuition and the analytical capabilities of artificial intelligence. The paper presents the risks associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence, and one of the significant ones is a weak cybersecurity system.
A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO DESIGNING LOYALTY PROGRAMS IN TOURISM ACTIVITIES
This study focuses on the methodology of designing and implementing loyalty programs as a strategic tool in the context of the tourism industry. It argues that a loyal consumer base is a critical asset that determines the competitiveness of an enterprise, reduces marketing costs, and contributes to the creation of a sustainable positive image. The paper proposes a structured step-by-step development algorithm that includes the following steps: formulating strategic and tactical goals, conducting a segmentation analysis of target audiences and identifying their behavioral patterns, selecting the optimal type of software mechanism (point, status, or coalition model), designing the program architecture, including the rules for awarding and deducting rewards, and developing a financial and economic model for evaluating profitability (ROI), planning of integration channels of communication and promotion; implementation of a feedback monitoring system and KPIs for subsequent effectiveness assessment. Special emphasis is placed on the correlation between the implementation of loyalty programs and key business metrics: Customer Retention Rate and customer value in life (LTV). The study contains practical recommendations on program customization, taking into account the industry specifics of the tourism business, and also offers a methodology for permanent evaluation and iterative optimization of their effectiveness.
INTEGRATED CORPORATE STRUCTURES OF THE OIL REFINING COMPLEX OF RUSSIA: PROBLEMS AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
The relevance of this study is due to the growing complexity and integration of the oil refining complex of Russia, as well as the need to improve its efficiency and sustainability in the face of external and internal challenges. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the problems and prospects for the development of integrated corporate structures of Russian oil refining companies. The object of the study is the integrated corporate structures of the oil refining complex of Russia. The subject of the study is the processes of formation, development and functioning of corporate structures in the industry. The methods of economic modeling, system and analytical approaches were used as scientific methods. The theoretical base includes research in the field of corporate management, strategic analysis and industry economics. The practical significance of the work lies in the presentation of recommendations for the development of integrated corporate structures, which contributes to increasing their efficiency, sustainability and competitiveness. The results of the study allow us to identify current problems, analyze trends and propose promising directions for the development of corporate structures to ensure the sustainable functioning of the oil refining complex of Russia.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGILE MANAGEMENT METHODS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL DIGITALIZATION
The article is devoted to the analysis of digitalization as a complex socio-technological process that transforms value creation models in the public and private sectors. The purpose of the study is to identify the key drivers of digital transformation, show their connection with organizational responses (Agile/DevOps, platform architectures, distributed teams) and evaluate the management effects using the example of Russian e-government platforms. It is shown that the current wave of digitalization is determined by a combination of demographic trends (aging and labor shortages), technological progress (exponential growth in AI power with falling computing costs), the “information explosion” and the covid shock, which has accelerated the transition to online interactions. At the industry level, this is manifested in the scaling of platform models (the “uberization” of logistics and services), the development of IoT, a cashless economy, a streaming media segment, e-grocery and online fitness. The public sector has seen a shift from regulatory-hierarchical schemes to iterative delivery of changes: Gosuslugi demonstrates the possibility of high-frequency releases and continuous improvement, while Gostech institutionalizes Agile offices and a product approach to managing the GIS portfolio. Specific challenges of distributed work (infrastructure, knowledge sharing, facilitation of large meetings, “invisible hierarchies” of subgroups) and practices for overcoming them (standardized communication protocols, team coupling, engagement metrics, customization of rituals and tools) are identified.
FolkloristicsRasita A. KHUAZHEVATHE HISTORY OF COLLECTION, ARCHIVING, PUBLICATION AND STUDY OF FOLKLORE FROM THE VILLAGE OF KHAKURINOHABL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF DESCRIBING THE "ABADZEKH" LOCAL TRADITION
The article examines issues related to the history of collection, archiving, publication and study of folklore from the Abadzekh village of Khakurinohabl. Both published and archival materials are used in the research, including the author's field recordings. The study is conducted within the context of folklore localism theory, employing comparative and descriptive methods. The article summarizes the history of collection, archiving and publication of materials, as well as the degree of scholarly investigation of the corpus of folklore texts recorded over a century-long period (from the 1920s to the present) in the studied territory.
Technical SciencesAleksey N. Samoylov, Dmitry A. Bespalov, Ali M. Garyagdyev, Aleksandr S. Matvienko, Nataliya M. KorobeynikovaA method of probabilistic and semantic data integration for adaptive monitoring of agricultural land**
In this paper, the problem of increasing the reliability of intelligent monitoring systems for ex-tended territories is considered. The fundamental limitation of traditional pipelining systems is the irreversible loss of information about uncertainty during sequential data processing. A method of probabilistic-semantic integration based on a single probabilistic model in the form of a Bayesian network is proposed, which performs joint probabilistic inference by synthesizing evidence from heterogeneous sources: visual data, semantic queries and contextual geospatial information. The effectiveness of the method has been confirmed experimentally by direct comparison of the system implementing the proposed approach with an emulated pipeline system based on a set of scenarios with a high degree of ambiguity. The results demonstrate that the proposed method makes it possible to dramatically increase the completeness of anomaly detection in difficult conditions where the traditional approach proves to be untenable, and repre-sents a robust alternative to existing conveyor systems.
Model of a web-oriented system for job placement of students
The article is devoted to the development of a web-based system for the employment of students, which optimizes the search for jobs and interaction between graduates, employers, and the university. The paper analyzes the relevance of creating such a platform in the context of modern labor market realities and digital technologies. The proposed system model addresses the issues of insufficient information about job vacancies, lack of personalized recommendations, and difficulties in communication between the parties. The developed web-based system includes functional modules for posting job vacancies, creating resumes, searching for jobs, organizing interviews, and sharing information. Special attention is paid to convenience and adaptability, ensuring accessibility from both personal computers and mobile devices. The system architecture includes client and server parts, databases, and APIs for integration with university ser-vices, ensuring scalability, security, and performance.
Detection of malicious Android applications based on deep learning methods. Development of neural network architectures
The article is devoted to the problem of detecting malicious Android applications, which is relevant due to the increasing complexity of threats and the ineffectiveness of traditional protection methods, especially in the context of the spread of polymorphic and metamorphic malware. A neural network architecture combining convolutional (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN, LSTM, GRU) is proposed for complex analysis of static characteristics and dynamic parameters. The advantages and limitations of RNN, LSTM, and GRU in terms of classification ac-curacy and computational complexity are considered. This paper provides the results of testing various architectures.
Modeling of office spaces in Office Space Designer
The article discusses the development of an interactive office space modeling tool Office Space Designer, implemented on the Unity platform. The aim of the work is to create a convenient and intuitive tool for designers and architects that allows them to visualize, configure and analyze various office layout options in real time, taking into account ergonomic requirements. The pa-per describes in detail the key stages of system development, including: the selection of the Unity platform and its justification, the design of the application architecture, the creation of 3D models of office furniture and equipment elements, the development of a control system and user interaction, as well as the implementation of algorithms for optimizing space and calculating key parameters (for example, illumination, sound insulation).
Development and research of backpropagation algorithm for quantum network
The paper considers the development and adaptation of the backpropagation algorithm for quantum neural networks (QNN). The fundamental features of quantum computing are considered — superposition, entanglement and quantum parallelism — which allows to increase the efficiency of QNN training compared to classical neural network models. The principles of constructing quantum neural networks, features of data encoding, methods for optimizing parameters and using loss functions in a quantum environment are presented. The prospects for apply-ing the proposed approach, as well as challenges associated with noise and scalability in NISQ devices are discussed. The paper is intended for specialists in the field of quantum computing and machine learning, as well as senior students interested in advanced methods of artificial intelligence.
Research on the dynamics of the epidemiological process and development of an application implementing the SIR model
This paper examines mathematical models of epidemic spread, including the classical SIR, SEIR, and SIS models. The main focus is on the development of software based on the SIR algorithm for modeling the dynamics of infectious diseases. The program, implemented in Java using the Java FX and Spring libraries, allows you to visualize the spread of epidemics, taking into ac-count factors such as quarantine, the contagiousness of the virus and the interaction between regions. Methods for loading data about regions and their neighbors from CSS and SVG files are presented, which provides flexibility and scalability of simulation. The graphical part of the application visualizes the data using color gradation, making the modeling visual and intuitive. The research results confirm the program's performance, which opens up opportunities for predicting and managing crisis situations. The use of probability theory and modern technologies makes it possible to create more accurate and adaptive models useful for developing strategies to combat infectious diseases.
Comparative analysis of modern natural language processing methods for detecting misinformation in the information space
The article examines the current problem of information falsification in the digital space, which poses a serious threat to the reputation of companies, the stability of society and state security. The analysis of modern natural language processing (NLP) methods, including Word2Vec, FastText, GloVe, ELMo, BERT, GPT-4, PaLM 2, LLaMA 2, Falcon and Claude 2, was carried out in order to identify the most effective methods for detecting fake news. Key criteria such as contextual understanding, working with unknown words, semantic analysis, and adaptability were selected to compare natural language processing methods. The results of the study show that transformer-based models, especially Claude 2 (Anthropic), demonstrate the best performance due to their ability to analyze deep semantics, process dynamic data, and support multitasking.
GENERAL PEDAGOGY, HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY AND EDUCATIONElena V. DYOMKINA, Elena Yu. SHEBANETS, Natalya M. SAZHINASOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL PREVENTION OF MALADJUSTMENT OF ORPHANS IN SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
The article explores the current problem of social and educational maladjustment of orphans and children left without parental care during their studies at secondary vocational education institutions. It analyzes the specific risk factors of maladjustment, which are influenced by both the developmental characteristics of this category of students and the specific environment of secondary vocational education. The article emphasizes the importance of systematic social and pedagogical prevention as a key factor in successful adaptation, professional development, and minimizing negative life scenarios. The article proposes the main directions and a model of preventive work that integrates the efforts of educational organizations, social services, and mentoring institutions. Based on the analysis of literature and existing practices, the article concludes that an early, comprehensive, and individualized approach to the prevention of maladjustment is crucial.
THE COMPONENT STRUCTURE OF ACTIVITY-BASED CONSTITUENTS WITHIN THE INTEGRATED SOCIALLY-ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT FOR ADOLESCENT EDUCATION DURING EXTRACURRICULAR TIME
Based on the analysis of theoretical foundations and practical experience, this study establishes the need to create an integrated socially-oriented environment for adolescent education during extracurricular activities, organized by national and cultural public associations. The concept of "extracurricular educational environment" is examined in terms of its content and functions, emphasizing three integrated approaches to pedagogical processes and participant interaction: integration of goal orientations; integration of content, methods, and organizational forms; integration of educational and instructional activities among participants.
The study identifies the key components of collaborative activities between public national-cultural associations [based on the example of the Adyghe Republican Organization Tatar Cultural and Educational Society "Duslyk" (Friendship)], families, and schools. These components include:
- active pedagogical education of children and their parents;
- collaborative interaction of public national and cultural associations (specifically the Tatar cultural and educational society "Duslyk" in Adygheya), families and schools during extracurricular activities;
- engaging parents and children in civic and patriotic education;
- joint volunteer activities of adolescents and adults focused on addressing social issues and developing civic and patriotic values;
- physical education programs promoting healthy lifestyles and health-conscious behavior.
The content and implementation methods for each component are theoretically justified and described.
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING AND EDUCATIONSvetlana Ya. ACHMIZOVA, Susanna R. MAKEROVA, Madina M. BRICHEVA, Elena N. SKHALYAKHOPEDAGOGICAL MODEL FOR TEACHING RESEARCH FUNDAMENTALS TO LINGUISTIC STUDENTS AT THE LABORATORY OF EXPERIMENTAL LINGUISTICSOF THE ADYGHE STATE UNIVERSITY
This study presents a pedagogical model for teaching research fundamentals to linguistics students through the practice-oriented environment of the Laboratory of Experimental Linguistics at Adyghe State University. The model is based on core principles of contemporary educational paradigms that define the student's role in the learning process and emphasize the integration of research activities into academic training. Key components of the model include: immersion in current issues of experimental linguistics, including psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, clinical linguistics, and bilingualism; mastering methods for adapting and applying cognitive tests; understanding the complete research cycle; completing graduation theses based on Laboratory research materials; and active participation in science outreach and research activities focused on studying and preserving the Adyghe language. This model proves effective for training competitive researchers capable of addressing both general linguistic tasks and regional challenges related to preserving the linguistic and cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation.
The theoretical foundation includes fundamental concepts of pedagogical system design (A.S. Makarenko, V.A. Slastenin, E.N. Shiyanov, G.P. Shchedrovitsky, and others); theoretical principles of pedagogical design (N.O. Yakovleva, A.M. Novikov, V.P. Bespalko, I.A. Kolesnikova, and others); foundational works on bilingualism and cognitive linguistics, the impact of bilingualism on cognitive functions, and current methodological approaches to test adaptation for specific languages and linguistic phenomena (L.V. Shcherba, E.M. Vereshchagin, F.P. Filin, E. Bialystok, K. Lemhöfer, M. Broersma, F. Grosjean, T.H. Bak, and others). The model also incorporates key principles of modern educational paradigms: learner autonomy and independent cognitive activity; practice-oriented learning that enables comprehensive interaction between theory and practice in authentic research settings; and integration of research into university curricula, making research activity an essential component of professional training.
The practical implementation of this model involves deep immersion of students in the actual research activities of the Laboratory of Experimental Linguistics through direct participation in studies, data collection, processing and analysis, academic conferences and seminars, field research, and various initiatives including digital projects aimed at promoting research activities.
ENVIRONMENTAL WEB-QUEST AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SOCHI RESORT REGION)
The relevance of this study stems from the intensification of global and local environmental problems, which require developing not only knowledge but also an active civic position and readiness for practical action among the younger generation. This task becomes particularly important in unique resort regions such as Greater Sochi, where recreational activities create increased anthropogenic pressure on fragile ecosystems. Traditional forms of education often fail to meet the challenges of the digital age and do not provide the necessary level of personal engagement and interdisciplinary understanding of environmental issues.
PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN LESSONS ON THE SUBJECT "FUNDAMENTALS OF SAFETY AND DEFENSE OF THE HOMELAND"
Patriotism currently plays a key role in uniting the people of our country, strengthening national unity, and forming Russian civic identity under present conditions.
The introduction of a new subject "Fundamentals of Safety and Defense of the Homeland" (FSDH) into the educational process of modern schools starting September 1, 2024, helps address the tasks of developing patriotic education for the younger generation. The research aim was to develop and test the effectiveness of a methodology for fostering patriotic education in high school students using the subject material of "Fundamentals of Life Safety and Defense of the Homeland." Theoretical, empirical, and statistical research methods were applied to develop, implement, and verify the effectiveness of the program for forming patriotic education in high school students.
The use of the developed methodology for improving patriotic education of high school students through the subject material of "Fundamentals of Life Safety and Defense of the Homeland" promotes the formation of high levels of patriotic education components, which improves the quality of the educational process for students and contributes to the overall formation of core Russian national values.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL PHYSICAL TRAININGElena A. MAKAROVA, Elena L. MAKAROVA, Fyodor M. MESHCHERYAKOVDEVELOPMENT OF MOTIVATION IN SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION
The research of the creation and development of motivation is a sought-after area in educational and sports psychology. Research in these fields primarily focuses on analyzing the significance of motivation in human life, particularly the study of achievement motivation. The study presents a hierarchical model of the creation and development of motivation, taking into account the full spectrum of motivational processes necessary for the creation and development of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, or demotivation within the context of schoolchildren's physical education. Future research will examine the role of parents and coaches in developing overall motivation in both school and extracurricular physical education settings.
REGIONAL AND SECTORAL ECONOMYFiruza Yu. ABDUZHALILOVAUSE OF STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL MARKETING MODELS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF A NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of using strategic and operational marketing models in planning and implementing areas of marketing activities of national research universities as specific entities of market relations in the markets of international scientific and educational services. Based on the analysis and generalization of the practice of marketing modeling on the strategic and operational horizons of planning advancement, areas of joint use of strategic and operational marketing models are identified, and objective and subjective limitations and problems of their comprehensive and synchronous application in practice are identified and structured. From the standpoint of solving specific problems of organizing marketing and information policy and marketing management in entities of the scientific and educational services market, promising opportunities for using the results of modeling strategic and operational decisions in the implementation of international activities of national research universities are substantiated. The example of Belgorod State National Research University reveals the possibilities of using the analytical potential of the semantic core method in identifying the degree of compliance of the imperatives of marketing strategies of the NRU group with the actually implemented efforts in strategic and operational marketing activities in the international market. In the context of improving the image and protecting the reputation of universities in the global market space, recommendations have been developed for organizing marketing modeling of the systemic process of advocacy of the brand of the national research university in international markets. The results of the study have a high degree of theoretical significance and applied relevance. The article may be useful for researchers of problems of organizing and conducting strategic and operational marketing activities in international markets of goods and services.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION BASED ON CORPORATE EMPLOYEE TRAINING
In the context of global demographic aging and digitalization of the economy, the labor market is undergoing qualitative transformations that require a rethinking of corporate human capital management strategies. The article examines the role of corporate training programs for older employees as a strategic tool for developing intra-company human capital. A theoretical and methodological analysis of approaches to interpreting older workers as valuable carriers of organizational knowledge and sustainable human capital is carried out. It is shown that common stereotypes about the reduced learning ability of older employees are not confirmed empirically. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of corporate training programs in international and domestic practice. Successful cases of companies in Germany, Japan, Finland, as well as Russian organizations are considered. The economic efficiency of investments in training older employees is substantiated. Barriers to the implementation of training programs for older employees are separately identified - digital illiteracy, motivational and methodological limitations, ageism in management. Practical recommendations are offered for the formation of an inclusive learning environment, the implementation of age management, the development of adapted methods and the strengthening of state support for corporate initiatives in this area.
FACTORS OF DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT: THE RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE
This article examines the demographic situation in Russia, as well as the key factors influencing its development. The dynamics of fertility, mortality and migration over the past decades are analyzed, the influence of social, economic and cultural aspects on changes in demographic processes is emphasized. The study is based on statistical data, which allows us to identify the main trends and patterns. The consequences of current demographic challenges for the socio-economic sphere and the healthcare system are discussed. In conclusion, recommendations are offered for changing public policy in order to improve the demographic situation in the country and improve the quality of life of the population. The article is intended for researchers, specialists in the field of demography, as well as for government agencies dealing with social and economic development.
THE ENSURING SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF THE REGIONAL GAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (USING THE KRASNODAR REGION AS AN EXAMPLE)
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the problems of ensuring socio-ecological-economic sustainability of the gas transportation system (GTS) of the Krasnodar region, which is of strategic importance for ensuring sustainable development of the territory. When studying the functioning processes of the regional GTS, attention is focused on various economic, social and environmental aspects of its impact on regional development processes and problematic issues arising in this context. The creation of a regional technological platform "Sustainable Gas Transportation System" is proposed as an innovative institutional mechanism, combining the efforts of business, government and the scientific community in the development and implementation of advanced solutions. A conceptual model of the platform's functioning is presented, aimed at improving the reliability, efficiency and environmental safety of the GTS, as well as promoting the sustainable development of the Krasnodar region.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO MEASURING REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SPATIAL-NETWORK REGULATORY PARADIGM
The problem of regional differentiation remains one of the key issues of economic geography and regional economics, exerting a significant influence on the formation of spatial development policy. The increase in disproportions in socio-economic indicators, distribution of resources and industrial potential between territories requires a systematic approach to their measurement and analysis [1]. The article systematizes modern methods for assessing interregional differences in socio-economic development. Based on the analysis of composite indicators, spatial econometrics and convergence analysis methods, an integrated approach to measuring regional differentiation in the context of the spatial-network regulatory paradigm is proposed. Empirical testing was carried out on data for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2010-2022. The stable clusters of regions with different development trajectories were identified. The recommendations for improving regional policy, taking into account the identified spatial patterns, were formulated.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT LABOR MIGRATION POLICY IN RUSSIA
This scientific article focuses on the current issues of labor migration in Russia, exploring the changes in public perception of this phenomenon and its impact on the country's socio-economic development. With an aging population and a declining workforce, labor migration has become an important tool for maintaining economic stability. The article emphasizes that successful migration policies require a comprehensive approach that includes legal support, migrant adaptation, and the optimization of migration flows. It also highlights the government's important initiatives to simplify procedures for foreign workers, which contribute to the integration of migrants into society and improve the labor market situation. Thus, the study emphasizes the importance of developing an effective migration policy that takes into account both the economic and social aspects of labor migration, offering directions for further research and practical recommendations.
APPROACHES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AGILE METHODS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF WORK AT THE ENTERPRISE
In the context of a dynamically changing business environment, Agile approaches are becoming the most important tool for companies seeking to quickly adapt and increase competitiveness. This article examines the use of Agile practices in Russian organizations, focusing on their impact on business processes and the ability to adapt to market requirements. Based on the data of the study "Agile in Russia 2023", which covered more than a thousand respondents, key successes and difficulties in implementing Agile are identified. The practice of transformation is considered using the example of the Timbermash Baikal company, where the implementation of Agile increased the flexibility of project management and reduced the time of their implementation. The results confirm that Agile is becoming a strategic approach that helps to adapt to constant changes in the business environment, contributing to a more effective response to customer needs and improving the quality of products. The article offers recommendations for organizations planning the transition to Agile, emphasizing the importance of taking into account the unique conditions of each company when implementing these approaches.
CHILDREN'S GOODS AND SERVICES MARKET: CHILD WELL-BEING INDEX
The children's goods and services market is a dynamically developing system characterized by a high degree of segmentation, a significant emotional component and the progressive influence of digital technologies. To ensure successful operations and implement effective interaction with the target audience - parents - a deep understanding of the specifics of this market is necessary. The subject of the article is the criteria and factors that determine the purchase of goods and services for children in terms of the impact on the child well-being index, the influence of parents' values and lifestyle when choosing children's goods and services, and the development of ethical advertising campaigns. The purpose of the study is to determine the elements of an integrated marketing approach that contributes to both an increase in sales and an increase in the child well-being index by developing socially responsible and ethical behavior in companies operating in the children's goods and services market. This study contributes to the development of theoretical concepts of responsible marketing in the field of children's goods and services.
APPROACHES TO THE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE DIVERSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Increasing the level of well-being of the rural population of Russia remains a priority task of socio-economic development, requiring a systematic approach to the modernization of the agricultural sector. The strategic direction of the modernization of the agricultural economy is the diversification of production models through the introduction of alternative activities, including agritourism and processing of bioresources. The article identifies key indicators that affect the success of diversification processes, including institutional conditions, access to infrastructure and the level of human capital. A comparative analysis of methodological approaches to the classification of rural areas made it possible to identify the parameters that form their socio-economic profile. Based on the analysis of economic, environmental and demographic indicators, a unique typology of the subjects of the Federation has been developed, taking into account the specifics of intersectoral interactions. The use of intersectoral balance methods, in particular statistical tables "Input-Output", provided a quantitative assessment of intermediate consumption coefficients for 33 regions of the country. The methodological apparatus presented in the article is based on the calculation of the share of each type of product in the structure of intermediate consumption, which makes it possible to determine the indirect influence of related industries on the development of a tourism cluster in a particular area. Testing the approach on the application documentation data for the Agrotourism grant of the Republic of Buryatia for 2022 demonstrated the possibility of forecasting the multiplier effect with a forecast until 2030. Integration of the obtained data into the author's typology of rural areas revealed four clusters that differ in diversification potential: from agro-industrial hubs with a high multiplier effect to depressed areas requiring targeted support. The proposed classification serves as a basis for the formation of differentiated public policy measures aimed at reducing interregional disparities and activating endogenous growth factors.
INTERTERRITORIAL INTERACTIONS OF URBAN AND NON-URBAN ZONES AS A FACTOR IN ACTIVATING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPHERE OF REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMING A SINGLE SPACE AND IMPROVING REGIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY
The article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical substantiation and search for endogenous factors of spatial and economic growth and development of regions, considered as a perimeter for the interaction of various territorial structures and formation. The article presents individual conceptual provisions reflecting the features and specification of the mechanism of interterritorial interaction of urban and non-urban territories, considered as a factor in activating the socio-economic sphere of regions in the context of forming a single economic space and developing an adequate regional policy for the economic development of territories. The results of a comparative analysis of urban and non-urban areas from the standpoint of favoring the formation and functioning of subjects of the socio-economic sphere of territories are presented. The article provides a detailed description of the functions of various types of territories that favor their systemic interaction, and concludes that such interaction of localities is predetermined by the coincidence of individual functions in relation to each other, which is a substantive basis for the formation of a single economic space of regions and the development of interterritorial partnership projects. Cross-tabulation of the functions of territories and subjects of the socio-economic sphere is carried out in the context of implementing the competitive advantages of extra-urban settlements considered as a source for the growth and development of urban urbanized space. At the same time, the authors take into account the conceptual position according to which interterritorial convergence in the economic, social, business, infrastructure spheres, as well as production and institutional convergence of localities is a favorable condition for the formation of a single economic space of subjects in the format of achieving the imperatives of spatial development policy at the regional and macro-regional levels. In this conceptual and ideological plan, the materials of the article introduce elements of new knowledge into the theory of regional and spatial economics, the formation of a single economic space and the management of regional socio-economic systems. The provisions of the article can be used as an epistemological background for further theoretical research.
BUSINESS SPECIALIZATION OF REGIONS AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABILITY OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: GENERAL CONCEPTUAL PROVISIONS
The article reveals individual conceptual aspects of the formation, identification and use of business specialization of regions as a reserve for increasing the sustainability of the development process of regional economic systems. In the article, from the standpoint of synthesis and combination of theories of regional and sectoral economics, as well as the concept of managing sustainable development of regional economic systems, conceptual provisions are formulated that reveal the features and specifics of the formation and use of the profile of business specialization of entities. Being an integral part of economic specialization, the business profile of the economy is a comprehensive marker for identifying the system of competitive advantages of regional socio-economic systems. The study revealed the temporal specificity of the formation of the business environment in the regional economy, which the authors propose for consideration as an institutional factor in the market nature of the development of regional economic systems. At the same time, it is emphasized that the economic and geographical advantages of regional economic systems are realized through the institutional and entrepreneurial contour in combination with the infrastructural sectors of the economy. The study also presents a multi-approach characteristic of the regional business sphere, as well as a classification matrix of system-forming entities of the regional business sphere in relation to the overwhelming diversity of regional entities. In conclusion, the article presents a theoretical and model vision of the modern established structural model of the business sphere of regions, which is a zonal testing ground for the implementation of absolute and relative market advantages due to the economic and geographical characteristics of the area. The article expands the set of theoretical provisions of modern regional and spatial economics, concepts of sustainable development of the regional economy, institutional factors of regional growth. The provisions of the article may be in demand by the scientific and research community when conducting further theoretical research of a fundamental and exploratory nature.
INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
The article proposes the use of an algorithm to improve the efficiency of information and analytical support for rural development management. The algorithm is based on a combination of various types of data: statistical, sociological, spatial; and involves regulating the processes of collecting and processing information on the state and development of rural areas. The algorithm will improve the quality of development and the success of rural development programs, as well as the satisfaction of the rural population with the transformations. Another result is the development of recommendations for rural development management. A distinctive feature of the approach is the consideration of rural areas through the prism of systems thinking - identifying key subsystems and forming directions for their development in conjunction with each other. This approach will have a positive effect on the social well-being and economy of the village, will change migration sentiments and attract new rural residents.
SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS AND SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP: THEORETICAL ASPECT
The article examines the theoretical foundations and structure of social and labor relations, as well as the institution of social partnership in the context of the modern socio-economic environment. The article provides a classification of social and labor relations by the content of labor activity, the scope of authority, the nature of income distribution, the degree of regulation and methods of communication, which allows us to comprehensively characterize the multi-level nature of this phenomenon. Particular attention is paid to the essence of social partnership as a mechanism for coordinating the interests of participants in the labor process, aimed at achieving a balance between economic efficiency and social justice. The key goals of social partnership are revealed, including ensuring decent working conditions, fair pay, protecting workers' rights, creating favorable conditions for employers and maintaining social stability. The forms of its implementation are considered - negotiations, collective agreements and agreements, consultations and participation in joint bodies. The results of the study demonstrate that the successful functioning of the social partnership system is possible if three key conditions are met: inclusion of collective goals in the system of interests of the participants, trust in state institutions and a guarantee of representation of the interests of all parties at the federal level.
SCORING ANALYSIS OF STATE SUPPORT FOR SYSTEMICALLY IMPORTANT BUSINESS IN AN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL REGION FOR THE PURPOSES OF BALANCED REGIONAL AND SECTORAL POLICY
The article presents methodological developments of a group of authors on analytical support for the processes of forming a regional policy of socio-economic development of subjects that is balanced in territorial and sectoral terms. In particular, attention is paid to the analysis of state support for systemically important business in a region with an agro-industrial type of economic specialization, organizational and methodological provisions and approaches are presented that reflect the features and specifics of developing a scoring analysis methodology that allows promptly obtaining relevant and comparable results for assessing the effectiveness of state support for a highly specialized business sector in a region. At the same time, the authors proceed from the hypothesis that the use of absolute and relative competitive advantages of regions is impossible without the formation of a network of highly specialized businesses using factors of specialization of economic and business activities. In the regions with an agrarian-industrial profile of economic specialization, such a business segment is a multi-structured agribusiness system that performs production, economic, village-forming and socio-economic functions. Consequently, in order to coordinate regional economic policy with the imperatives of national programs and projects in the field of long-term progressive socio-economic development, as well as to harmonize its territorial and sectoral vectors, comprehensive assessments of state regulation and support for business structures in the agro-socio-economic sphere of the regions are necessary. The scientific and methodological approaches presented by the authors make it possible to analyze and assess the impact of the imperatives of state regional policy on system-forming business in the constituent entities. The obtained assessments can be used in the future to debug and improve approaches to the formation and implementation of a comprehensive economic regional policy, implemented both at the federal level and in the regional management system.
ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL MOBILITY FORMATION
The article is devoted to current issues of professional mobility and its impact on individual career prospects and economic development. In the context of globalization and rapid technological changes, workers face new challenges in the labor market that require flexibility and the ability to quickly adapt. The article focuses on the analysis of factors that shape professional mobility, such as economic conditions, social aspects, level of education and the influence of modern technologies. The author emphasizes that professional mobility covers both horizontal and vertical movements of workers and depends on many interrelated factors. The article examines studies confirming the importance of both internal and external conditions for successful adaptation of employees. It also points out the importance of personal qualities, readiness for training and development, which is critical for achieving career growth in modern conditions. The conclusion of the article emphasizes that the development of professional mobility creates opportunities for both individual professional growth and for the effective integration of human capital into the economy.
ON SOME ASPECTS OF BACHELOR'S AND MASTER'S DEGREES IN ENGINEERING
Extensive experience of more than a decade of implementing a two-tier system of higher education in the Russian Federation, as well as the results of the first year of implementing a three-tier scheme, constitute a solid information and analytical base for avoiding shortfalls during the mass transition to the new system. This is also peddled by the fact that the Russian economy has entered a stage of active development of the manufacturing industry, "import substitution", deep "digitalization" of design and engineering and production activities. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of a multi-tier education system, substantiates the thesis of increasing its methodological and strategic role in the "university-enterprise" relationship, the need to universalize the basic level of higher engineering education and deepen the subject specialization of the master's degree.
ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF CROP PRODUCTION IN THE REGIONAL AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the state and development trends of crop production in the agro-industrial complex of the Krasnodar Territory. Modern processes in the industry are analyzed, including the influence of external factors, technical and technological transformations, growth of sown areas, reduction in the number of farms and personnel crisis. Particular attention is paid to digitalization, automation, implementation of robotics and artificial intelligence, as well as the formation of integration ecosystems of innovations. The need for a comprehensive update of the technical and technological base of the industry, development of human resources and strengthening of strategic state support to ensure technological sovereignty, increase the efficiency and sustainability of crop production in the face of modern challenges is substantiated.
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT TRENDS IN REMOTE EMPLOYMENT
The article highlights the importance of remote employment in the context of current changes in the labor market, especially in light of recent global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In recent years, with the rise of digital technologies, remote work has become an important element of modern labor practices. The pandemic has accelerated the introduction of remote forms of employment, which has not only changed the usual way of interaction between employers and employees, but also led to a transformation of approaches to labor organization. Among the most dynamically developing models of remote employment are freelancing, remote work, hybrid models, and network teams. These formats offer new opportunities for both employees and employers, contributing to increased flexibility and efficiency of the work process. This study aims to analyze current trends in remote employment, which will allow us to better understand current changes and prepare for future challenges in the labor market. This article presents an analysis of the dynamics of the number of remote workers, as well as a secondary analysis of the results of the VTsIOM survey aimed at identifying the opinion of the employed population regarding remote work.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DIGITALIZATION OF TAX ACCOUNTING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE PRODUCT FUNCTIONALITY
The relevance of this topic is due to several factors. Firstly, constant changes and complications in tax legislation require timely preparation from enterprises, which can be simplified by using reliable software. Secondly, the growth of penalties for providing incorrect data and errors in reporting, which modern software can also handle. Thirdly, the transition of tax authorities to electronic verification methods, which also requires the use of digital resources that can competently prepare the required type of reporting. The paper studies two modern software products that allow you to optimize the process of maintaining tax records and submitting reports to tax authorities. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the systems under consideration are studied and structured in detail. In conclusion, practical recommendations are provided for choosing software for Russian business.
OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER CARGO TRANSPORTATION
The purpose of the study is to establish and economically justify the solution for international container cargo transportation by companies engaged in freight forwarding activities. The research methods are presented by empirical methods, including observation, measurement, experiment, which allows for the selection of primary data necessary for the study, to describe phenomena and processes taking into account the industry segment of the functioning of the research object. Research results: assessment of time costs along the main routes of international container cargo transportation by means of calendar planning; comparative analysis of transportation costs depending on the delivery times of container cargo; establishment and economic justification of the solution, ensuring the optimal conditions for international container transportation by the freight forwarding company.
THE THEORY OF LITERATUREAnna M. GOVENKO, Larisa V. KALASHNIKOVAORTHODOX POETRY AS A SPIRITUAL DIMENSION OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE
The article explores the influence of Orthodox Christianity on Russian poetry and literature, highlighting the works of poets who dedicated their creative efforts to religious themes. It emphasizes the deep connection between Russian literary tradition and Orthodox culture, demonstrating how spiritual motifs have shaped poetic expression throughout history.Despite the development of digital technologies, the quality of modern works attributed to Orthodox literature is critically assessed by experts. In their opinion, the connection with the spiritual tradition has been preserved even in difficult periods of history. Only those authors whose work is imbued with philosophical and religious truths can count on the long memory of their descendants. Their thoughts and instructions remain alive even after their departure, continuing to sound in the hearts of their followers. Despite the differences in style and form, these poets are united by the desire to serve eternal values.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE NOVELLA GENRE IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE 1960s–1970s (BASED ON ADYGHE LITERATURES)
The article analyzes the evolution of the novella genre in Adyghe newly written literatures under new cultural and historical conditions. It examines the deepening of the concept of personality and the movement toward diversity of poetic means in the works of T. Kerashev, A. Evtykh, Kh. Ashinov, P. Koshubaev, A. Okhtov, Ts. Kokhova, M. Akhmetov, Ad. Shogentsukov, A. Naloev, S. Kushkhov, P. Misakov, and others. An attempt is made to conduct a genre modification of epic narrative and to form a structural-typological characterization of various novella variations. The comprehensive analysis adopted by the authors facilitates an examination of the topic in a broad context, within the framework of the development of Russian multinational literature and taking into account the specific features of the creative epoch of the 20th century. The work aims to formulate important theoretical propositions about newly written literatures as an integral part of the artistic and aesthetic process and to reflect in the examined works the general characteristics of Russian literature at a new stage of its development.
PUSHKIN IN ADYGHE LITERATURE: THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION
This article examines translations of the Russian literary classic A.S. Pushkin's works into the Adyghe language. Within the context of the theory of literary translation problems, the method of comparative analysis is employed to identify the distinctive features of translations of Pushkin's works by various Adyghe poets and writers. The conclusion is drawn regarding the individual approach of each translator, dictated by the national linguistic and cultural-historical peculiarities of the two languages: Adyghe and Russian.
RUSSIAN LITERATURE AND THE LITERATURE OF THE ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDzhulyeta A. AKHMETOVA, Bella A. TSEYTHE WORK OF N. Y. KUYOK AND THE ART OF TRANSLATION
The article examines the creative work of the renowned Adyghe poet, writer, and translator Nalbiy Yunusovich Kuyok. Special attention is paid to his contribution to the development of Adyghe literature and the art of translation. The diversity of Kuyok's creative pursuits is revealed, his individual style is analyzed, and the original techniques he employed in translating literary texts are highlighted. The important problem of high-quality translation of the author's own texts into Russian is addressed. Translations of his poems by professional translators are analyzed, and the degree to which the ideas and moods of the original are preserved is noted. The study represents an attempt to assess the overall significance of his work for Adyghe literature and international cultural exchange.
THE MOTIF OF THE ROAD IN NIKOLAI RUBTSOV'S WORKS
This article examines the features of the poetic world of Nikolai Mikhailovich Rubtsov, a famous Russian poet of the 20th century. Among the recurring themes and images in his poetry, the motif of the road stands out, which is present in many of his poems. The relevance of this study lies in expanding the concept of the motif in a literary work and determining its role in accurately interpreting the author's position in the text. The article concludes that the motif of the Road in Rubtsov's poetry is not only a plot-forming element but also a reflection of the lyrical hero's emotions throughout different periods of the poet's life.
FEATURES OF NEOREALISM IN THE EARLY PROSE OF E. ZAMYATIN
The article examines the early work of E. Zamyatin - the stories «Uyezdnoe», «Alatyr», «Na kulichkakh» – in which the writer's new vision of reality is clearly expressed, combining the features of Russian classical literature of the 19th century, with its epic features, and its satirical reflection – with hidden irony, grotesque, elements of expressionism and impressionism, folklorism and neomythologism. Each of the above-mentioned works shows provincial life, where the creation of images and moods is conveyed by some particularly characteristic artistic means or impression - in each of the stories its own. But they are all united by one common authorial idea - to show how the personality is crippled in this provincial, remote, immoral environment. In this regard, the article examines how tradition is creatively enriched and transformed and new literature of the 20th century is born. The relevance of this study is caused by the possibility of deepening and significantly expanding the issue of tradition and innovation in the work of E. Zamyatin. In conclusion of the article, it is concluded that the cycle of Zamyatin's early «county stories» under consideration, their ideological and artistic concept, style and forms of reflecting reality testify to the emergence of a new realism in the literature of the early twentieth century.
METHODS OF IMPLEMENTING LUDIC AND IRONIC ELEMENTS IN M. BULGAKOV'S "A THEATRICAL NOVEL"
The article identifies and analyzes the methods of implementing ludic and ironic elements in M. Bulgakov's "A Theatrical Novel". It is noted that these techniques are constant features in the writer's works and possess particular artistic significance. Within the framework of postmodernist literary criticism methodology, the specificity of genre, text composition, and discursive practices are examined. Attention is paid to the role of irony and the methods of its expression. Elements of citation, including allusions and reminiscences, are analyzed. It is concluded that M. Bulgakov's novel represents a complex, structurally non-linear text, whose multilevel analysis is possible on the basis of contemporary literary criticism methodology.
FAIRY TALE ARCHETYPES AND ELEMENTS OF FAIRY TALE POETICS IN THE REALISTIC NOVEL (BASED ON "LITTLE DORRIT" BY CHARLES DICKENS)
This paper explores the influence of fairy tale poetics on the novels of Charles Dickens. It is noted that alongside his widely acknowledged realism, Dickens’s works distinctly exhibit romantic, utopian, and fairy-tale elements, offering a fresh perspective on his artistic world. The focus is on the analysis of the genre synthesis of realism and fairy tale, most vividly expressed in Dickens’s novel Little Dorrit. The study argues that the novel can be interpreted as a literary fairy tale, constructed on archetypes and motifs from classical magical stories such as Cinderella and Thumbelina. Persistent features of the fairy-tale tradition are identified, manifesting both in the imagery and in the narrative structure of the works.
THE THEMATIC AND PROBLEMATIC COMPLEX OF A. VARLAMOV'S PROSE
The article provides an overview of the prose of Russian writer A. Varlamov. The features of the thematic and problematic complex, the main motifs and the author's worldview attitudes are identified, particularly in the treatment of religious themes. Typological connections with the traditions of Russian classical literature and "village prose" are noted. Based on comparative-typological analysis, the characteristics of images typical for Varlamov's prose are described – the "superfluous man", the wanderer, and others. It is established that A. Varlamov's prose reflects the leading tendencies of contemporary realist literature and actualizes a complex thematic and problematic framework.
THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF KARACHAY POETRY ON MILITARY THEMES
The article attempts a scholarly comprehension of national poetry about the Great Patriotic War and the reconstruction of a holistic worldview. The study identifies representative poetic works on military themes by Karachay poets who were direct participants in the war such as Kh. Bayramukova, O. Khubiev, A. Suyunchev and those who entered the historical-literary process later N. Khubiev, Kh. Dzhaubaev, and others. The texts are examined through comparative analysis, establishing thematic and genre-stylistic paradigms, and revealing artistic features.
THE CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF KAISYN KULIYEV (WAYS OF CROSSING WITH KARACHAI POETS)
The article clearly demonstrates the specificity of K. Kuliev's creativity in poetry, journalism, and epistolary heritage in the aspect of literary interconnections and "intersections" with Karachay poets. The significance of the problem of creative potential in contemporary literary studies is noted, as well as the importance of studying traditions, which demonstrates subsequently developed literary connections and fruitful contacts. The poetic works of K. Kuliev and Kh. Bayramukova, A. Suyunchev, N. Khubiev, and others are subjected to systematic analysis. A comparative-typological analysis of the works of national writers has been conducted, poetic and stylistic intersections have been identified, historical and literary facts and archival material of postal correspondence have been examined. In the course of the research, contact interconnections between K. Kuliev and Karachay poets have been established, key concepts in their works have been identified, figurative and expressive artistic means of language have been noted, and the marker role of symbolic signs (mountain, stone, tree, hearth, etc.) has been substantiated, determined by the peculiarities of national worldview.
THE "MINUS-HERO" IN THE POETIC TEXT OF LATE ROMANTICISM AND POST-ROMANTICISM (BASED ON THE WORKS OF I. KOZLOV, A. POLEZHAEV, E. BARATYNSKY, V. BENEDIKTOV, AND I. BRODSKY)
The study is devoted to the theme of personality involution of the romantic hero in Russian poetry of late Romanticism (1820s-1830s) and post-Romanticism (second half of the 20th century). Using various epic and lyrical poetic texts as examples, the chronological sequence of this process is revealed. The romantic hero gradually loses, first, the attributes of personal and metaphysical dominance, and then the modes of his existence within being. In the works of successive Romantic authors and in the body of texts by a single author, this process passes through identical chronologically determined stages.
THEORETICAL, APPLIED AND COMPARATIVE AND CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICSElena A. BELENKOVAANALYSIS OF THE LEXICAL VERBALIZATION OF THE PERIPHERAL ZONE OF THE CONCEPT OF "YOUTH" IN S. MAUGHAM'S NOVEL "THEATER"
This article is devoted to the study of the socio-cultural and psychological characteristics of youth presented in Somerset Maugham's novel "Theater". The paper reveals the importance of studying an artistic concept as an integral part of an individual author's worldview in a work, and examines the concept of an artistic concept. The article also presents approaches to understanding youth in accordance with various points of view, namely from a sociological, psychosocial and directly psychological point of view. The article defines the core of the nominative field of the concept "youth" in the novel and provides a more detailed description of the near and far periphery of the concept based on the semantic and cognitive analysis of its lexical units. Thus, this paper explores one of the key sectors of a comprehensive study of the cultural context of an artistic work.
OBSOLETE VOCABULARY IN PUSHKIN'S HISTORICAL DRAMA “BORIS GODUNOV” AND THE PECULIARITIES OF ITS TRANSLATION INTO GERMAN
This article is devoted to the study of obsolete vocabulary in the text of historical drama and the specifics of its translation into German on the example of A.S. Pushkin's tragedy “Boris Godunov” and its translation into German by A. Ebbinghaus. Particular attention is paid to the methods of adaptation of archaisms, allowing to preserve the historical and cultural identity of the work.
THE CONCEPT OF DELIGHT /ÂÎÑÒÎÐÃ: THE ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUISTIC WORLDVIEWS
The article discusses ways to represent the emotional concept «delight âîñòîðã» within the framework of cognitive linguistics. It focuses on the ways of conceptualizing emotions in Russian and English languistic world pictures, which are important for understanding the interrelationship between the national conceptual sphere, culture, and language. A comparative analysis of the linguistic means used to name the concept under study reveals both its invariant and ethnic-specific characteristics.
CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS AS A TOOL FOR CONSTRUCTING ARTISTIC REALITY IN ARTHUR HALEY'S NOVELS
The article examines the role of conceptual metaphor as a universal cognitive mechanism that forms the artistic picture of the world in Arthur Haley's novels. The analysis includes the interpretation of key metaphorical schemes such as "organization – organism", "responsibility – cargo", "production – mechanism". Special attention is paid to the professional environment as the semantic and metaphorical core of the narrative. It is shown how repetitive concepts and figurative structures not only reflect, but also construct the social and ethical reality of A. Hayley's works. The conceptual metaphor is presented as a link between the cognitive, narrative, and evaluative levels of the text, ensuring the integrity and depth of Haley's artistic world.
PERSUASION AS A DOMINANT FEATURE OF ECONOMIC DISCOURSE
This article provides a linguistic analysis of the text space of economic content. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the key linguistic tools, strategies, and language features that shape the specifics of economic discourse and serve to implement its main functions: informing, persuading, and creating an atmosphere of trust and control. The article examines three levels of language: lexical, syntactic and stylistic. The lexical level represents the saturation of economic texts with special terminology and common vocabulary with highly specialized meaning. The syntactic level organizes constructions that convey a certain amount of information and the stylistic level, and presents metaphors that make economic concepts more visual. At the end of the article, it is concluded that any article of an economic nature has a number of pronounced linguistic characteristics that allow the author of the publication not only to present his opinion on a particular economic issue, but also to convince the audience to accept a particular point of view.
CONTRAST AS A WAY OF COMIC EFFECT IN FICTION, USING THE NOVELS "BRIDGET JONES'S DIARY" BY H. FIELDING (1996) AND "THE DEVIL WEARS PRADA" BY L. WEISBERGER (2003) AS AN EXAMPLE
The article is devoted to the analysis of contrast as a way to create a comic effect in a work of fiction. This work is based on a statement that is true for all theories of contrast: contradiction is at the root of the comic effect. The contrast figures representing the comic category are analyzed, as well as techniques that create contradiction at various levels. The article summarizes the material that explicates the creation of a comic effect through contrast in two modern novels of women's prose of the late XX – early XXI century, written by English and American authors: "Bridget Jones's Diary" by Helen Fielding (1996) and "The Devil wears Prada" by Lauren Weisberger (2003). The work focuses on the quality of comic translation into another language. It is noted that the analysis of humor in a work of fiction involves taking into account the psychological characteristics of the characters.
ACTUALIZATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SPIRAL SYMMETRY OF POETIC TEXTS OF THE SILVER AGE IN THE ASPECT OF STRUCTURAL AND COMPOSITIONAL FEATURES OF THE RUSSIAN SYSTEM OF VERSIFICATION
The article is devoted to the study of the features of actualization of the principle of helical symmetry as a structuring element of the composition of poetic works using the example of the poetic text by A. Blok. The article considers the features of the relationship between the metric characteristics of a poetic text within the framework of the Russian system of versification and the implementation of helical symmetry (the Golden Ratio). The result of the study was a detailed analysis of A. Blok's poem "Worlds are flying. The years fly by. Empty ..." from the point of view of actualizing the principle of helical symmetry in it and its functioning in the representation of the author's intentions at the level of composition of the poetic text.
FEATURES OF FORMING THE CATEGORY OF SPACE IN LITERARY TEXT AS AN OBJECT OF LINGUISTIC RESEARCH (BASED ON JOHN GRISHAM'S NOVEL "THE STREET LAWYER")
This study examines how the category of space functions in language. The importance of studying the concept of space in an author's linguistic consciousness is clear, as the space category represents a significant element of the linguistic worldview and serves as a distinct mental structure. The paper shows that the space category is a key component in creating literary texts, since all understanding of universal human values occurs within a spatial context. Through the lens of this category, a linguistic analysis of the text's language implementation is conducted. The study identifies lexical units with spatial content and determines how attitudes toward different spatial concepts are expressed as objective reality. The research emphasizes that space plays a specific role in organizing literary texts, considering its grammatical and stylistic functions. The article demonstrates that the representation of spatial perception reflects the unique stylistic features characteristic of this particular author.
THE POETICS OF LACUNARITY IN THE ARTISTIC SYSTEM OF WILLIAM THACKERAY IN THE WORK “VANITY FAIR”
The article is devoted to the study of the poetics of lacunarity in the artistic system of William Thackeray by the example of his novel “Vanity Fair”. The authors note that intentional semantic omissions and omissions in the text play a key role, stimulating reader activity and creating the depth of the work. Special attention is paid to the analysis of lacunarity as a complex artistic device that functions on the plot, characterological and narrative levels, forming the unique poetics of the novel. The work emphasizes that Thackeray’s lacunarity is not reduced to a simple lack of information, but becomes an instrument of satire, psychologism and social criticism. The authors explore how this technique reflects the Victorian era and anticipates modern narrative strategies. Special emphasis is placed on the role of an unreliable narrator, the ambivalence of the characters, and historical and cultural allusions that require the reader to actively participate in the interpretation of the text. The analysis of the text demonstrates how conscious omissions form a special type of realistic narrative, where the truth always remains partial. The most important discovery was the understanding of lacunae not as a lack of information, but as a powerful tool of artistic expression.
THE CONCEPT OF "JOURNEY" IN SONG DISCOURSE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY AS A SET OF RELATED CONCEPTS
This article presents the structure of the concept "journey" as a set of different concepts, based on the analysis of Russian song texts. The analysis reveals that the concept "journey", as represented in song texts of the second half of the 20th century, incorporates the following concepts: "road", "mountains", "sea", "sky", "sun", "night", "moon", "star", "fog", "rain", "wind", "home", "homeland", "foreign lands", "winter", "friendship", "soul", "family", "land of wonders", "virgin lands", "taiga", "tundra", and "duty". The realization of related concepts reflects the sociocultural realities of the era. Some concepts are represented heterogeneously and exhibit variations in their representation depending on the time period. The study also notes the frequency and peculiarities of the usage of related concepts reflected in song texts. A generalized scenario of journey as presented in songs of the second half of the 20th century is formulated.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE ROLE OF ENGLISH IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION: ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND ITS PROSPECTS
This scientific article is devoted to the English language as a current lingua franca, trends and prospects for its development and analysis of its influence on various spheres of life. The work summarizes sociolinguistic and cultural factors mediating the spread and use of English in the globalization period, highlights the associated risks to linguistic diversity in the context of expanding international communication. The theoretical and practical significance of this work lies in the generalization of interdisciplinary approaches to assessing the English language as a phenomenon of international communication, as well as in understanding its influence on current sociolinguistic and cultural transformations. The work examines the historical dynamics of the spread of the English language, the specifics of its institutionalization and the consequences of language dominance. The results obtained can form the basis for further research in the field of sociolinguistics, globalistics and linguapolitics and be applied in the field of language policy, in the formation of educational programs for specialists in the field of linguistics, cultural studies and international relations.
THE PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF DIPLOMATIC DISCOURSE
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of translation of diplomatic discourse. Diplomatic discourse and its linguistic features are characterized, as well as difficulties in translating diplomatic discourse are identified. The work compares the translation of Sergey Lavrov's speech at the 77th session of the UN General Assembly with the original text. The ways of achieving equivalence in the translation of diplomatic discourse are determined and analyzed.
WORD-FORMATION FEATURES OF ERGONYMS IN THE TEXTS OF SIGNS IN MODERN ST. PETERSBURG (BASED ON THE NAMES OF CAFES, RESTAURANTS, AND SHOPS)
This article examines the word-formation features of ergonyms in the modern commercial space of St. Petersburg. Using the names of trade and catering enterprises, the study analyzes the main methods and models of commercial name formation that emerged and were used during 2019-2024. The application of an integrated linguistic approach combining descriptive, structural-semantic, component, and quantitative analysis methods enabled the identification of dominant trends in commercial name formation. The findings reveal the predominance of morphological word-formation methods, the significant role of syntactic-semantic formations, and the specific use of semantic transformations.
MATHEMATICAL, STATISTICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS IN ECONOMYNatalia Yu. ROTANEVA, Igor V. SAGIROV, Elena A. ChernyshenkoIMPLEMENTATION OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
The introduction of principles and methods of systems analysis in the digital economy is not just a desirable addition, but an urgent need to solve complex problems arising in this dynamic environment. This paper is devoted to the study of the process of implementing systems analysis in the context of the digital economy, considering it as a key factor in optimizing digital business processes, creating innovative products and services, and ensuring sustainable development in the context of global competition. Various scientific approaches to the category of "digital economy" are considered. An analysis of the differences between traditional and digital approaches to systems analysis is carried out, which showed that the digital approach significantly expands the capabilities of analysis through the use of big data, machine learning and cloud computing and revealed that digital systems analysis uses more flexible and scalable tools compared to the traditional approach. The synergy of systems analysis and the digital economy is presented, which forms the basis for the development of new technologies and business models. A conceptual model of the efficiency of the digital economy has been developed, which is described by the dependence on many factors such as: ICT infrastructure, technologies, data, institutional environment development index, human capital, business models, external factors.
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